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Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old0 Y5 y% H$ F( r. q ]3 h3 e, B
Boy Induced by Indirect Topical
+ }9 k* N8 O, ^+ p. X3 K% S, L' i& zExposure to Testosterone) L/ O- H3 f' Q9 \. i. v! p: t, o
Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2
" G; U1 e( x, A' V/ K+ _/ _+ sand Kenneth R. Rettig, MD12 \0 [. S$ l; @' [ S2 X0 Q
Clinical Pediatrics
8 P3 \* ]5 f$ w8 h$ s$ fVolume 46 Number 6* Z. K% V/ |; ]* [7 K# i; P3 K3 l
July 2007 540-543' S1 s6 @+ K: S
© 2007 Sage Publications
f7 Q. n( O8 J% t0 F10.1177/0009922806296651
5 Z; H4 E7 h0 d9 W: o' ~" ghttp://clp.sagepub.com) l3 M$ p+ k8 ]0 ]" t7 [8 f6 y
hosted at
- C" p+ G0 K, U; Shttp://online.sagepub.com
% E7 Y9 U! v% r8 l; P D; APrecocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,& x8 U6 ~7 `( l- }4 Q: J
is a significant concern for physicians. Central
r( k5 N5 b. t4 [# Lprecocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated: l* g2 R) l* e. D
through the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has
3 \5 f' C# @0 j: P' r1 }a higher incidence of organic central nervous system
- i/ B8 e! e: x4 ^' Clesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested
" {/ y( z. U! |" y7 p1 _/ e# Bby enlargement of the penis, development of pubic
# K8 S) T/ L o4 Thair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-; m+ ]3 u; Q. M/ r
cles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We
: X/ p; U7 M$ f/ @report a 16-month-old boy who presented with the
4 N' Q" {* W! M: j A# y/ Jenlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-
0 e# X2 O) w; k+ t8 p2 d3 ument without testicular enlargement, which was due! Y6 |2 x4 T% _" h4 E
to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by
% p4 V* Y8 H( H8 l. e. @the father. The family initially concealed this infor-
+ C0 V5 E7 {* y- \ Z3 D+ }mation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this; Z. W5 a* C/ k) Q
child. Given the widespread and easy availability of# H$ r# r- X' ~6 X) \8 W) z+ ?
testosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-1 c( F( h. M2 S8 ]+ c
bly more common than the rare case report in the. k- q' W' a! p& H7 F1 }
literature.4+ T$ \. r& Y, n. c$ u, [
Patient Report
! |& \" M; O! HA 16-month-old white child was referred to the8 i. V- y* ]- X7 i: J5 j' U3 ?
endocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern
% Z, R6 l+ O2 R/ `7 o) x mof early sexual development. His mother noticed
& X/ y5 t* }6 n4 e7 xlight colored pubic hair development when he was
# a; @ N4 Q9 aFrom the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of+ A' J* n I2 r( _: q
South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.. o1 y2 n8 ?/ i# z+ h) M7 a
Address correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,
7 d: ~ q7 p4 A' Z9 H2 v; M. |Professor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of
' F Q# _# [! EMedicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;
. w$ y7 F) E# m8 e5 o5 N% x) B% Xe-mail: [email protected].4 S/ J: Q" D) H7 ]
about 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became
X5 A" B( P5 E- K; R/ r' rdarker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-. z/ V! H0 N* q# B! O2 d
ment of his penis and frequent erections. The child* M3 I7 S; G8 c$ B
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with
" k( n' Z0 L2 Z ~5 D: la birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of- d+ o/ e4 ^" }* }0 e3 e5 i( a
20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year
! r, ~; `" o5 a3 V- Z( {2 Y% e% Hof life and was still receiving breast milk along with
! T3 e3 w' z0 \! D5 Bsolid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,
0 b/ `+ t* Y3 n8 P& c9 Fand his psychosocial and psychomotor development
( A2 C: M* |4 C) n9 d8 M6 {was age appropriate.& o1 M% m. m+ Q' B
The family history was remarkable for the father,
3 ]) x2 {- _, f5 x) owho was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,- U" Z& p8 y, q1 w5 j
which was treated with thyroxine. The father’s2 Y& g. f5 Z; B, s; N4 H' Q
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat
+ t Z& p; F6 B" b) Pearly puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.: ~& o3 o' j, a& s$ ~: t9 M' d" o% s
The father denied taking any other medication. The
/ d2 P( n8 c" a" y* Tchild’s mother was in good health. Her menarche6 w- k$ z& z. S2 C C# S
was at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet8 y- j: O4 h0 w4 a9 j% S2 y
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-( N3 H, S7 @; T9 c. k
cocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-" Y8 ^3 u2 A' V, Y2 ?; Y
tives. There were no siblings.
+ v c8 G+ `# h2 |; YPhysical Examination
5 O1 p! w, D& |+ t! UThe physical examination revealed a very active,' V" F' i! I5 r% ?; h
playful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented& s* W! l$ ^" a- d4 K
a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was
/ e3 d/ u7 H' P& J* p90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg
% ?4 |9 O% w' z& r1 `1 S0 l) i(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth
" Z2 ~4 e( }, X) ?; Y2 [velocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of0 a2 W4 \; r8 ~" j8 e' ?. Q @
the neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.
) n W0 T% k( X, z; XThe genitourinary examination was remarkable for6 S6 I- N9 B/ S9 @& q
enlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
' P) m( l* L) o" ~) c6 H8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well
, s4 @( U& S2 t# Ddeveloped. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around
6 K9 c6 l* F8 X. S3 q+ R540
; S" e- q0 s2 xat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from" S- j) p0 o; E* k; s1 _
the base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The6 a% d# z4 c+ H$ D/ j6 K& ^. W% i
testicular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.
9 w E, Y* [5 n" _* U1 v6 J" t0 l/ oThe skin was moist and smooth and somewhat
& v7 v; ?, z1 W: g6 Loily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no5 M6 q+ q ~. t: |1 d: A
abnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.
4 I/ [ ^+ E# \; yNeurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+
+ M* D8 q2 D# I' j7 a' C) n" }bilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion: C9 f2 B% Z6 K; E% ?* C3 a
of papilledema.4 F& W5 x5 ?. j: h2 O- F( g$ ?6 z! e" Z
Laboratory Evaluation) B$ t: C Y* F" O. s# R
The bone age was consistent with 28 months by3 q& N7 ^0 K# D6 H2 @( A
using the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-; {7 H7 x! F$ b2 B
logic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal
+ {0 m" X3 T0 \7 I! j) |. ckaryotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test4 b% j; f$ P' ^/ M0 B4 M" d
showed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-, m7 }# Y2 r; ^4 \; `, U& g3 Y8 ~) g
lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal).
8 V3 ?4 {# j( h" `3 k: JThe concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood& c% Z6 h' e# F9 m) ~. i: G
urea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were
1 ~ z7 {/ o8 @- a) H" _' u `8 l4 Iwithin normal range for his age. The concentration* }% l* V3 L4 x$ f- r9 H
of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL/ o8 F1 x1 v; j5 J
(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20
& {% v# t( H" Mng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-
1 L1 R2 C6 t/ R) k- h7 ~+ `terone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),' h7 O4 s' v- e! W
desoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to
7 }0 w. K5 ^, U- [! j2 N49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)4 s9 o, |! z! O8 P; I" `+ {& a
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-3 _0 X+ W* I, d2 Y
tisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total" H- `7 Z" o/ d
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),
& y, H2 z5 {+ J# v1 U* o: V$ g# w( Oand β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than1 D, s: ?7 d/ |# [0 l7 @
5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular
% J/ R9 c0 S9 L) \, ]( ystimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone8 L0 q) r, T# @9 d h
concentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL. l) i% f! m9 W
(prepubertal).* S* B9 ~6 f x( c2 P% d
The parents were notified about the laboratory
. k5 u: t# t) s1 k) e \results and were informed that all of the tests were) U" U0 [7 ` s, N1 K
normal except the testosterone level was high. The6 K- p! d& N2 M V
follow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to5 n& i; u, P9 Q% X, S
obtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-
$ o3 {: u3 k3 g3 D9 q" |ever, the family did not return for 4 months.
r' s+ j2 a I q1 Q# E2 \. iPhysical examination at this time revealed that the
8 @$ [. X3 o9 T ]child had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained0 O. ~# m' ~/ m6 F
2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained. P! [! p% @' u7 `) n0 `* O
unchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-2 a/ O' p* L u* |- T
pletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at
& I+ H9 h& P* o! S9 z Othe base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2/ E1 ^; R, P9 r
mL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.
0 p. c% b, v1 d# S7 |9 a' g; XThe mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-$ H" s1 }- i7 p3 G& _* C
ing frequent erections.) _9 N( L- W2 A$ v6 l$ }
Both parents were again questioned about use of
# A8 a0 u. ?1 Z) M! Z3 |& \: fany ointment/creams that they may have applied to2 M* Y# Q' v1 r& |" p
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the
" _" c- _, P7 ]8 y/ V9 g6 k& vTopical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 541+ V. B' |# x P) d* l/ v1 t6 o
use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-3 j6 d9 f' N& w8 p8 M+ Z" H6 T
ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for% {6 _- o- G/ Y5 r- y
a year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed
% a) s5 t$ l" Kto disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre- J5 v4 s2 x# J5 {: B, V
scribed by his family physician for decreased libido
?% K% p' V6 g7 J6 ssecondary to depression.- J3 \) g3 z1 i8 I& h: c4 S
The child slept in the same bed with parents.# P" M' Y+ f7 r, _. j' Z. L
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his/ [" ]8 J3 @+ e4 o5 r
chest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-
% l/ k, b: x2 Mnificant bare skin contact between baby and father.8 I+ U( S) X" \. ?, q" u
The father also admitted that after the phone call,
8 r4 z8 Q% r2 h4 ~8 `% M+ xwhen he learned the testosterone level in the baby
) }( {* z5 E9 Q3 vwas high, he then read the product information
8 [7 \. E N. R9 H: tpacket and concluded that it was most likely the rea-8 W" e- b/ ]$ A F" F: d
son for the child’s virilization. At that time, they0 F/ L/ M/ I( N2 h. U/ j) a
decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the
2 W. P% U/ o% o; \3 S Mfather was not hugging him with bare skin and had8 X6 s$ {! V- I4 i) \) L8 e
been using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone
$ C% M M; k1 L* O' N5 Otest was ordered, but the family did not go to the
6 C5 g. k2 [9 b3 Mlaboratory to obtain the test.
2 L7 `/ Q7 o0 fDiscussion
+ J0 o6 F; z% E9 \: [+ h/ ZPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary- O! R- L6 L7 l" w- g. l/ E9 P5 T9 q
sexual development before 9 years of age.1,4" V# l, _# G7 {) F8 P1 U# C
Precocious puberty is termed as central (true) when9 U+ ?% a! K& B* x6 Q4 O- V: S
it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-5 q% ~; p5 t: U2 O; @& x+ y% s& N: b
thalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-
$ ~: }3 \+ q1 U2 |' R/ |. Q; A* o6 \mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP, x6 |; _! M# f3 W6 Y
may have a central nervous system lesion that is
I; n0 z# u5 s: I4 Nresponsible for the early activation of the hypothal-
8 V! F$ W8 q; d* o# Ramic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-- e9 u% J1 [7 ?) ?( E
sis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in& D9 z% K% v- H& s4 W" f; O4 I5 @
boys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-7 i5 x3 g- o4 Y/ Z
ization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-
; ] M$ y$ ^+ Jrical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by/ s" S0 L! H. P7 b) ^ C' S5 G
gonadotropins.1,3
+ t2 i. ^6 c- K, r2 m- tGonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-
: L, F/ P: I3 K7 O4 N* Lcious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate: [- p6 f* K8 [. _+ R* l+ K
androgenic stimulation from either endogenous or+ ]2 d" |8 \& L, h
exogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-
2 m$ Y$ F k U# N9 b4 l4 hulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing
& p# m& w- [+ n& y B4 ?congenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive" O5 S1 {# Q% U6 p
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
. i$ r" K# I' y2 Q! D* N+ E. R4 x% [puberty in boys.3,4' S( [2 T( `7 _' m1 J0 F
The most common form of congenital adrenal; E9 X) p) I! \# D* O
hyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.
3 ?# X/ T e. @The 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in
, I$ ~, V& N* ]8 Nexcessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,
9 Q0 G2 I; t: |6 K7 Uan adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen
7 w+ }$ V) u! @( Lexcess.1,3 x$ X0 B" i2 W t) g/ w
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from- Q- k+ _, l" t- I M7 b8 f
542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007' f8 O! _0 ~4 \
A unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-% @- \3 \) r8 ]: Q- ~. {7 |
independent precocious puberty, which is also known- R0 z7 K' e5 W/ \
as testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a2 M) W) h8 Q2 w$ r: Y* l
very young age. The physical findings in these boys
: N/ g6 T: j1 w8 o: {with this disorder are full pubertal development,
# M; \& T: v) E- Z- v% ^# ?including bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys2 q3 X. S. F" Z
with CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder$ g# q* f6 c$ W
are suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show5 N5 P4 Z( {2 ~
pubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
4 |0 g7 P- k0 Kreleasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked& n C9 P2 P- x* ~
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only
/ ]- x* o4 X& R. B. Umales; therefore, other male members of the family
, d6 E9 u1 w2 h* W4 nmay have similar precocious puberty.3
% u% Y* K& C7 ^" i% `3 Z3 Y- L0 ZIn our patient, physical examination was incon-" \* M- I, c5 C, P5 A; o. T
sistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-4 @7 b! s7 F: s4 c$ U$ o4 v
cles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis
6 F. R3 n- c: O( s) Z% ]$ x/ Rwas in the differential diagnosis because his father
! [# ~2 K6 q! lstarted puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,
) p$ h; M- c: a# `$ [- }testicular enlargement is not that evident in the
$ q. K+ C5 w6 X/ _9 N. @7 T' Bbeginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-' w4 W9 }) m% a" g: E7 u9 @
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our
2 h: L* [* Q! b K6 a3 l0 Wbiggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,4 C: Y( d4 e6 O$ F) R# R
either 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase
! V) l1 t) b3 m6 Gdeficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-
+ o9 I9 d' k+ d" }, Eing the normal level of adrenal steroids.: C& ?: t) d+ Q% Y4 B& Q
The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly( n% b1 L# T& R- _
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because
n2 f! D6 h3 p9 `. N1 V" g) _, M1 K% Sthe physical examination revealed the complete disap-& C( x! X" B# B9 h* Q
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and3 ?! X' S% B+ _3 q: a# o
decreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-
0 [; b+ L, ?; x: q7 b, m* Gterone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was% d q1 p9 y" g6 T
using it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’
8 @ w* O: {, u* `' z) aDesk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
x: q1 [6 [8 M8 E9 Tcream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to
2 L% j2 e0 q( z+ \$ iunprotected females through direct skin exposure.! q/ i. y+ | ~3 \' G
Serum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the, a8 C# T% M4 B4 u+ c5 r/ a, l; J
baseline value in those females who were exposed to
/ Y6 n8 [; D N0 f4 m$ Neven 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male
+ V6 c6 J7 ], ?/ Y3 }partners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-8 V/ O0 r$ i9 I" o4 A
tion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented./ b% d. L+ n" `- ?0 D% q1 R, d! {2 s
Our patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
! k Q" r+ C5 V0 h. W9 @, u* M8 kwhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that
& [2 j( c8 m: c Y/ g: u" z$ bdermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-
$ B# g, ]: S' I. q$ Z+ ^2 O- Qterone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
2 f4 m' z" @0 w% p# y: |active in young children exposed to testosterone
& A: O. U& c/ v# W* L/ n% r- c5 ?" u& wexogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-5 C* w. d& Q( ^( ]% J3 t$ `
drotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to" ^$ E$ K" @/ `+ {9 T0 A) d% O
virilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in
2 s" S" R* \+ ?children results in an increase in growth velocity and
+ ^" e. Y! ~/ B, U7 o: b8 _advanced bone age, as seen in our patient.3 |. L' u+ j+ n4 ^) p/ z, ]
The long-term effect of androgen exposure during8 S# k# d( g2 ?* L3 n* i0 v+ r2 T
early childhood on pubertal development and final
. @0 m3 g5 m- Z" j/ }! aadult height are not fully known and always remain% w" I4 a4 i5 w* L# J
a concern. Children treated with short-term testos-6 m: r* d& c% X3 l" }$ X
terone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some4 K; u C/ Q* Y& f# Y) |
acceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after
6 l" }' E$ C* o8 Xcessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation
' j* A# ^6 P/ G# I8 idecelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,9
9 @/ {( j& a8 x/ {; j. e; JThere are conflicting reports and controversy
3 x& O5 F! @2 R& i; W9 j0 d8 _over the effect of early androgen exposure on adult
4 @) r, S9 F4 b2 \4 X" Dpenile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal3 m2 [) R1 E3 a, r& d0 T: `! }
adult penile length, apparently because of downreg-7 H- r7 l. p4 \% [
ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,7 v' g# }- V# W; U+ W3 _
Sutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between$ N+ r P8 Y% y( p! @
childhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult
4 J! h2 Y' A# i, kpenile length in clinical studies.
2 A9 n2 y" @1 K/ ^Nonetheless, we do not believe our patient is
; ?9 e" m1 n7 _2 I( Bgoing to experience any of the untoward effects from/ S. U/ V: Z" y
testosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because: R; P G) N9 V2 X
the exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.( u7 n" w* e3 _2 c* ^# ^
Although the bone age was advanced at the time of
, @" x% h4 ?. j. f7 ~2 Y, P adiagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at
: s; D+ m! [/ D8 u3 j' mthe follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult' C) f6 Y5 e0 Q, S8 Z
height will not be affected., w$ y" J" H& h4 A
Although rarely reported, the widespread avail-5 ], h# s* |8 r& s+ m; b
ability of androgen products in our society may4 i) K1 ~: R7 B, i# o
indeed cause more virilization in male or female
7 _# q" c# I( M! e) k6 |children than one would realize. Exposure to andro-+ R7 _+ p; }- k8 k& }$ L/ Z. H
gen products must be considered and specific ques-
% p1 ^' s4 Z9 i& T! D/ n! q0 ytioning about the use of a testosterone product or; R: e/ u/ \* P X- g
gel should be asked of the family members during1 `' H- e1 v9 p3 n m4 _/ k
the evaluation of any children who present with vir-
+ u) r$ _. _# E' p: Wilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
3 P S. B7 Y: u; s, N8 y7 _" snosis can be established by just a few tests and by
9 P/ N5 D! Y, j' pappropriate history. The inability to obtain such a
0 u1 J& L) K4 e1 d% \# O# \- d7 chistory, or failure to ask the specific questions, may. W4 t7 T- `+ ?( e+ |& X2 v! P' J
result in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive" _! Y$ X- p. A2 @$ E
investigation. The primary care physician should be
+ _. ?; r% K' F0 d3 e3 s" T3 paware of this fact, because most of these children7 S0 I" p+ H# ]( v$ f; H
may initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
( s! \% L9 [0 N% L9 t: NDesk Reference and package insert should also put a$ H0 T1 E7 Z) Y& f& B8 ]6 a
warning about the virilizing effect on a male or
v6 Y7 e: P* [% M' Q6 cfemale child who might come in contact with some-
- B0 N2 A' H1 D2 Lone using any of these products.8 Y c2 y$ G! D% A, r
References
4 Q+ O: S) k: {5 k7 k$ e1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation
; S8 s% h& [) band puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric3 ~ A! H4 T+ [- q% C" z
Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;, c# \* A5 }1 U
2002: 565-628., j# C+ c% q( Y1 \0 E* ]
2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious8 c2 b& C- I3 E% M) ]( z
puberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal |
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